fez hat

A short, cylindrical, peakless hat with a tassel on top, commonly found in red. Otherwise known as a tarboosh/tarboush.

Existing in some shape or form around the Mediterranean for centuries, it was popularized by the Ottoman Empire in the early 19th century, with the intent of replacing the turban and act as a unifying piece of clothes (though ultimately gaining various distinct interpretations). Would ultimately be banned in Turkey in 1925 along with the turban under Atatürk to ensure adoption of Western hats, with it only being lifted in 2014. It is worn by various Muslim communities internationally today, as well as Masonic groups.